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| Cover of Britannica Encyclopedia (Encyclopaedia) |
You’re a fiction writer, as am I. So, how important is it that we get our
facts right? Aren’t we writing pieces that stem from imagination and exist in
fantasy? Does it really matter if we present a fact as fiction and distort it a
little? Is it important whether we actually tell the truth at all? Isn’t all
fiction basically lies?
I ask these questions not frivolously but out of a sense of responsibility
to my readers. I know that I’ve learned things about the world, people and
things, from my fiction reading. I’ve accepted what a novelist or storyteller
has told me in the course of a work of fiction, assuming that anything purporting
to be true has, in fact (and, yes, I’m aware of the pun), been checked for
accuracy. This is particularly the case when it involves a new subject or
something generally only known by a small or esoteric group.
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| Cover of The Spire |
As an example, I learned that it was common practice for the builders of
cathedrals in mediaeval times to incorporate a body, often a human, into one of
the supporting pillars. The skilled craftsmen were largely pagan masons with
little respect for the church authorities, and their acts of sacrifice may have
been some sort of appeasement for their own gods for working on a monument to
another religion. They also, of course, frequently modelled gargoyles on
clerics of the time, often in mockery. I first came across this in the
excellent novel by William Golding, The
Spire, which I studied for my A level English Literature exam. Subsequent
reading and some television documentaries seemed to corroborate the information.
However, I can find nothing online to substantiate it, so I’m now in doubt
about the facts.
Now, I don’t know about you, but I want my readers to have confidence
that what I present as facts are actually facts, not some lazy assumption
gleaned from inadequate research mixed with folklore and urban myth.
Yes, I want to weave my own story, using imagination and my creative
skills to develop a story and people it with characters who come across as real
and rounded human beings. But, when I introduce something in that story that’s
presented as a fact, I want it to be true. I believe it’s the responsibility of
the storyteller to do exactly that: to present facts as facts and not to exaggerate,
diminish or embroider them to dramatize the tale. Anything that enhances the
reader’s experience in emotional terms should derive from the characters,
action and conflict, not from a distortion of the facts surrounding the text.
In preparation for this piece, I undertook some very basic research on a
topic I knew to be uncertain. I wanted to illustrate how difficult, and
important, it is to get the facts right, or as right as is possible. For it is
the case that certain ‘facts’ do change over time, as more information is
uncovered relative to the subject. A simple example of that is the way that
history is presented over the ages. History, as we all know, is written by the
victors. So the records left by a victor are frequently distorted in favour of
that victor.
It was previously believed that the Oracle at Delphi in ancient Greece,
had special powers of observation that allowed her to see into the future. We
now know that the site of her prophesies lies over a fault from which certain gases
escape to invade the brain of the prophet, causing psychological disturbances
that account for the apparent visions. The rest of her supposed successes are
now put down to misinterpretation coupled with the tendency of people to particularise
generalities.
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| Jupiter 2010-12-05 (Photo credit: horstm42) |
To get back to the subject I chose to illustrate the changing and sometimes
unreliable nature of facts. We all know that Jupiter, the gas giant planet of our
solar system, has many moons. But how many? I have a print copy of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, purchased as a
research tool back in 1994. It’s the 1993 edition and states that Jupiter has ‘at
least 16 moons’. This was what was known at the time. As part of the deal, I
was signed up to receive printed updates to keep the volumes current and, in 2005,
received an amendment that told me there were ‘28 known satellites’ of Jupiter.
I found a site online (I won’t name them here), last updated on 14 September 2006,
that told me Jupiter has ‘4 Galilean and 57 other moons’. In 2008 I updated my Encyclopaedia Britannica by buying the
CD rom version. That edition tells me that Jupiter has ‘more than 60 known
moons’. An undated article on the Enchanted
Learning website tells me that the planet has ‘67 known moons, so far.’ The
NASA website, updated on 2 October
2012, lists ‘50 moons and a further 14 provisional moons’. A Wikipedia article, dated 9 October 2012,
cites ‘67 confirmed moons’. And Space.com
undated, but copyrighted 2012, states the number as ‘a total of 67 known moons’. The sensible conclusion, therefore, is that, currently,
we know of 67 satellites circling our largest planet. And I’d be happy to use
that figure in a story, since it’s the latest corroborated information I have
available. I know it will change as more data come to light, but I’m no more
able to predict the future than was the Oracle at Delphi, or any of the other prophets
whose names litter the annals of religion and history.
So, check your facts before you release them to your readers and, if they’re
subject to doubt or change, make that clear in some unobtrusive way. You owe
your readers the truth.
Finally, I was inspired to write this piece following a short interview I
watched on TV whilst eating breakfast this morning. The piece concerned an episode
of a popular soap in the UK, EastEnders,
and a storyline about social workers removing a child from one of the
characters. There was much discussion about the dramatic element of the story,
which was considered good television. However, the representative of the social
workers was most concerned with the way in which the work of her fictional colleagues
was represented. She accepted that different social workers operate at different
levels but was more concerned that the procedures depicted were factually
inaccurate and would therefore give viewers a false impression of this very
emotive topic. I leave you to make your own conclusions on that.
So, there you have it. My attitude to the representation of facts in
fiction is that we, as writers, have a duty to our readers to ensure we’re as
accurate as possible. I’d be interested to learn your opinions. Please share them
by commenting below.
6 comments:
Stuart,
You present an intriguing problem indeed.
I have an abiding love for fictional tales set in Pharonic Egypt.
Wilbur Smith wrote four novels based on a fictitious eunuch named Taita and what happened to him which I thoroughly enjoyed.
Christian Jacq has written several series based on the same period, the most notable being his stories loosely based on the exploits of Ramses II.
In Jacq's case, while he makes mention of various battles Ramses had with the Hittite Empire, whether or not they are factual is an entirely different matter.
As both write fiction, I'm not entirely sure if facts actually matter. What does is if the reader enjoys reading the work in question.
In my novel The Seventh Age, I used the Mayan calendar seemingly ending at midnight December 21st,2012 which is still highly debated, as its basic premise.
Do facts matter in fiction? Who can say...
From my point of view if you are writing fiction, by its very nature you have free licence to bend the rules to suit the storyline.
You are absolutely right! Real facts are as important in fiction as the good, gripping plot, or the imaginary adventures... I'll post a part of my last blog post too, as it is connected with your topic:
The best ways to write good manuscripts are usually the hardest, as they include a lot of searching for information too, a writer shouldn’t claim his/her writing is good enough if it’s not preceded by a lot of experience or strivings to learn and live through all the tricks, details, even horrors and happy moments in a story. As the most important in writing is the good final result, not finding the most beautiful and comfortable place to write, or using the best device to write down a writer’s thoughts, namely a PC, laptop, or tablet. Usually, good final plots, stories require also some other efforts, not less important than gathering of information, like experiencing the characters’ all feelings, deeds, emotions to describe the heroes or villains’ inner world in the proper way, not just the gripping adventures and events. There’s a basic rule in writing I try to follow after I wrote my first Tale Of The Rock Pieces, to write a really good manuscript a writer must become a part of the story, as the story must become a part of a writer too. Then, a book would become a part of reality and could fulfill its most important purpose, to inspire readers, help them overcome different situations or improve their health, mentality, etc, more than entertain and relieve from our daily cares and mishaps… Including real facts in manuscripts could do a lot of good in these aspects too.
I know there probably are as many opinions for this topic as there are writers, but I hope every writer would agree with me at least to some extent?
As always, Jack, you put an interesting slant on the question. Historical subjects are, by their very nature, subject to a good deal of speculation. Since we have no way of interviewing the participants or visiting the events described, we are left to make informed guesses about the realities. Some historical events, of course, are well documented, and when this happens from different sources, the information gleaned can be more readily relied upon. But many events are only known about through allusion or by hints given through other stories and events. So, in such cases, actually determining what is and isn't a fact is itself an almost impossible task and, like you, I believe that a writer of fictional work is entitled to apply his own logic and speculation to the topic, provided it is well-informed and not deliberately distorted.
Thanks, Ivan. As Jack points out, facts may sometimes not be facts, in the sense that we may not be in a position to determine the truth of a matter. But, where such things are actually known, I believe, like you, that they should be used as they exist even when writing fiction. As you say, the end result is what matters but I think our readers will have more faith in our words and any message we may want to project, if they cane be confident that we are telling the the truth as far as possible.
But, as you point out, I have no doubt that there are as many views on this topic as there are writers.
I think much depends on the nature of the 'fact', some being more adaptable than others; particularly where one expert source contradicts another.
One bestselling author does highlight any aspects of his story that a reader might assume to be factual, as a product of his imagination and is also at pains to point out, in each of his novels, that it IS a work of fiction, that he loathes research, and that the reader should not necessarily accept his 'facts' as fact. And I always enjoy reading John Grisham's legal thrillers.
Many years ago, I wrote an article in which I referred to an historical incident on an island. The history is accurate enough, but the incident, information about which I gleaned from somewhere - probably the local library - is now proving difficult to recheck - although there are people with some recollection of it having happened. I have an idea for a novel, with that incident as a part of the plot. If I am unable to recheck its authenticity, do I leave it out, or simply use my imagination? I will almost certainly use my imagination, but include a note to the effect that the incident in question should not be assumed to be factual.
I agree, there is some validity in pointing out when 'facts' have been researched and are as definite as possible, as long as such notification doesn't get in the way of the story.
It's really frustrating when you've done some research and discovered something some years ago and then return to it later only to discover you can no longer find the references. I think your plan to include a note about the incident will do the job, though.
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